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BRIDGES: From Arkansas to Hollywood, this man made his mark

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Arkansas musician Scott Bradley was never widely known outside of the studio, but his music was the heart of some of the most iconic American cultural icons of the twentieth century, most notably, the famed cartoon duo of Tom and Jerry.

Bradley was born in Russellville in 1891.  He developed a love of music early and taught himself.  By the 1910s, he headed to Houston to put his musical talents to work.   He found work as a conductor for orchestras and theaters throughout Southeast Texas as well as radio stations.  At the same time, he continued to write his own music.  Though he was a successful musician, Bradley still took lessons from more experienced musicians to fine-tune his own craft.

By the early 1920s, California was rapidly becoming the heart of the entertainment world.  Bradley left Texas in 1926 to become a conductor for a Los Angeles radio station.  In 1929, he was hired by The Walt Disney Studio as a staff musician.  However, Walt Disney had a falling out with some of his staff in 1930.  One of Disney’s chief animators went to form his own cartoon studio for which Bradley worked for several years.

By the 1930s, the cartoon short feature had become a staple part of the moviegoing experience.  Audiences expected to see a cartoon and perhaps another short film and a newsreel showing current events in addition to the previews of coming attractions and the main feature film.  Seeing the success of Disney and others with the growing popularity of animation, Metro-Goldwyn-Meyer Studios decided to form its own cartoon studio in 1937 to compete.  Bradley was quickly hired to help provide the music.

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In 1940, MGM animators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera created the Tom and Jerry cartoon, though they were originally named Jasper and Jinx.  Bradley went on to write and conduct the large orchestras for the music in the 114 original cartoons made between 1940 and 1957.

Since Tom and Jerry almost never spoke, most of the stories relied on Bradley’s music to set up and underline the different jokes, playful tensions, and transitions from one scene to the next.  The physical humor and lack of dialogue helped make the cartoons immensely popular around the world as Bradley’s music needed no translations.

One 1947 cartoon in particular, “The Cat Concerto,” placed music at the center of the episode as Tom played a concert pianist whose piano happened to be Jerry’s home.  Jerry got his revenge against Tom as he tried to finish his concert with increasing desperation.  Thanks to Bradley’s music direction, the cartoon won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, the fourth consecutive Academy Award for Tom and Jerry.

Bradley also composed the musical score for the 28 Barney Bear cartoons made by MGM between 1939 and 1954.  Bradley would also go on to provide the music for the 24 Droopy cartoons produced between 1943 and 1957 and the Screwy Squirrel cartoons made in the late 1940s.

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In 1957, MGM closed its cartoon studio as part of a corporate restructuring effort.  Though MGM would continue to produce cartoons, the large budgets were gone and an entirely new group of directors, animators, and musicians were hired.  Bradley’s contract was cancelled; and at the age of 65, he decided to retire.  In those nearly two decades of the first batch of Tom and Jerry cartoons, Bradley was part of a team that earned eleven Academy Award nominations and won eight Academy Awards for the cartoons.  Overall, he composed 250 cartoon music scores.

By the mid-1960s, television stations across the United States were airing Tom and Jerry cartoons first shown in theaters.  Though edited from their original screen versions, the cartoons were an immediate sensation with children.  Because of this, by the 1970s, new Tom and Jerry cartoons began to be produced strictly for television.

Bradley died at his home in California in 1977 at the age of 85 as a new generation of youngsters discovered in television reruns the cartoons he helped bring to life.  A compilation album of his musical scores from some of these cartoons was released in 2006.  Today, these cartoons continue to be seen on television and on video daily in homes around the world.

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OUT AND ABOUT: Catfish Hole Hushpuppies At Home? It Could Be An Option

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A picture of Catfish Hole's Hushpuppies from AY Magazine's Arkansas Food Bucket List (PHOTO: AY MAGAZINE)

 If you go to Arkansas Razorback games, or are an Arkansas fan at all, you probably know of The Catfish Hole. It’s the legendary restaurant that has a full compliment of some of the best chicken, seafood, and good Southern fried, cholesterol inducing foods that you will find in this part of the world.

But even though they have an incredible menu, they may be best known for their appetizer – a bowl of some of the best hushpuppies and relish that you will ever put in your mouth. Many have tried to get that recipe from the Catfish Hole – but no one to our knowledge has ever successfully left with it.

The restaurant started out as a small, hole-in-the-wall place in North Little Rock off of JFK Boulevard. The original owners had a small location on the old Highway 71 north of Alma for a number of years, when Pat Gazzola, an attorney who worked in the oil and gas business bought the restaurant along with his wife Janie. The couple then built a much larger and newer location in west Fayetteville on Wedington Drive

Both were immensely successful over the years, and the restaurant for years has been a household name in Arkansas. In recent years, the Fayetteville location became host to Sam Pittman and John Calipari’s call-in shows on the Razorback Sports Network.

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Pat died in 2017, and there have been changes. The Alma location closed during Covid, as did a third location built outside of Branson. But the Fayetteville restaurant is still going strong, with plans for a different kind of expansion coming down the pipe.

The Catfish Hole green tomato relish hit Wal-Mart shelves in Northwest Arkansas earlier this week. (PHOTO: LinkedIn/Britain White)

Enter into the equation Britain White, who is Pat and Janie’s son. These days, he is the President/CEO of Catfish Hole LLC and has worked hand-in-hand with his mother in re-opening the Alma store, along with other operations of the company. Earlier this week he posted to social media that the legandary relish that goes along with those world-famous hushpuppies has hit the shelves of at least one Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market in Northwest Arkansas, with more stores to follow.

“Big day for Catfish Hole Fayetteville! We are so excited to partner with Walmart and take a 30+ year local NWA restaurant brand beyond the restaurant. Our green tomato relish is served as part of our unlimited “fixins” along with our tasty coleslaw and our legendary hushpuppies.” White said on LinkedIn. “For years, customers have asked us if we sell the relish and several request us to ship all over the country… Well, we are listening! We delivered our first store this morning to Walmart Neighborhood Market Bentonville on North Main St! Huge thank you to the management team for giving us the opportunity! More NWA stores to come!”

While the relish is a welcome addition to the grocery aisles, the move had inquiring minds such as South Arkansas Now co-owner Grant Merrill wondering if anything else was coming down the pipeline, like maybe the hushpuppies that go with that relish when you sit down at the Catfish Hole.

So naturally, he left a comment of congratulations, with the quick comment, “If y’all would just find a way to sell that hushpuppy batter!”

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We’re hoping Mr. White wasn’t planning on keeping anything a secret, but within a few minutes of our company co-owners comment, he replied, “Grant Merrill – working on a frozen option!” and a thumbs up emoji.

You can bet that if there is ever an at home option with the frozen batter as has been implied, Grant will load up his deep fryer and join his colleagues Sandy and Boomer on the Off The Back Porch podcast, and we’ll all be trying Catfish Hole brand hushpuppies for an afternoon with live video included.

Don’t ever say we don’t bring you the stories that matter!!

Congratulations Catfish Hole!

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BRIDGES: WATKINS

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It has been said that heroism is defined as holding on for one moment longer.  A moment can save a life or change the destiny of a nation.  Travis Watkins, a native Arkansan, was one such hero who took charge and held on against overwhelming odds, saving the lives of his men in the process and receiving the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions.

Travis Watkins was born in Waldo, a small Columbia County community, in 1920.  The family would stay in Waldo for only a few years more before leaving for Texas, finally settling in Troup, a small East Texas town near Tyler.  In 1939, he enlisted in the army.

At Guadalcanal in the South Pacific, American forces went on the offensive against Japan for the first time in the war, determined to turn the tide of the fighting.  In August 1942, American forces launched an attack on Japanese positions.  Watkins served with distinction in the battle and was awarded the Bronze Star for his bravery.

He served with distinction in many campaigns until the Allied victory in 1945.  Watkins continued to serve in the army in the peacetime years that followed and rose through the enlisted ranks to Master Sergeant.  In 1948, he married Madie Sue Barnett, with whom he had two daughters.

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In June 1950, the peace was shattered when North Korea launched a massive, unprovoked attack on South Korea.  Watkins was called back into action with the Ninth Infantry and sent to shore up their failing defenses.  By the end of August, American, South Korean, and United Nations forces had been pushed into a small pocket of the southeastern corner of South Korea that came to be called the Pusan Perimeter.  Allied forces were facing total defeat.

On August 31, Watkins and his detachment of 30 men were completely cut off from their regiment.  Near Yongsan, he organized his small group into defensive positions, deciding to fight it out.   As they ran low on ammunition, Watkins would charge out of their foxholes to retrieve ammunition from fallen North Korean troops.  Though he was shot, he continued to fight for the lives of his men for three more days.

Watkins and his men deflected wave after wave of attacks.  In one wave, North Korean troops charged his foxhole with grenades.  Critically wounded in the attack, Watkins killed all of his attackers, preventing his position from being overrun.

But he realized he had been paralyzed from the waist down by his injuries.  He knew he would not survive the battle but kept directing his men to give them their chance to break out and rejoin their regiment.  Over the next days, he insisted the men take his share of their dwindling food supply, and on September 3, after seeing an opening, ordered them to make their escape without him, telling them his injuries would only slow them down.  According to his men, he wished them luck and then died.  The remaining troops made it back safely after a battle that took out 500 enemy troops.

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Watkins died two days before his thirtieth birthday.  He was later buried in Gladewater, Texas.

A few months after his death, the army awarded Watkins the Congressional Medal of Honor for his service above and beyond the call of duty.  President Harry Truman gave Watkins’s posthumous award to his widow in a ceremony at the White House.  Watkins would be one of 33,000 Americans to lose their lives in the Korean War and one of 146 men to receive the Medal of Honor during the conflict.  His sacrifice was not forgotten.  In 1961, a housing complex at Fort Sam Houston was named for him.  In June 2000, the navy launched the USNS Watkins, a 950-foot cargo ship named in honor of Watkins, which has been in service ever since.

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BRIDGES: Ford

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“The mind once enlightened can never again become dark,” wrote Thomas Paine generations ago.  Progress in education has been an important feature of the development of the United States as it steadily moved to become an economic and scientific leader.  Arkansas faced a difficult transition as it attempted to develop its school system in the twentieth century.  One of the key leaders in Arkansas education was Arch Ford, the former state education commissioner.

Archibald Washington Ford was born in the small Faulkner County community of Wooster in 1906.  The importance of education was emphasized to him at an early age.  His father, Rev. Thomas Noah Ford, was a Baptist minister, farmer, and a leader in public education in Faulkner County in the early 1900s.  He served on the Wooster School Board and later on the Faulkner County Board of Education.

In the early 1900s, most Arkansas communities had schools of some type.  However, the quality differed widely among the hundreds of school districts spread across the state’s 75 counties.  In 1900, there were still no compulsory school attendance laws, few standards for teachers or what was taught, school terms in many districts were only four months, and many communities only had one-room schools educating children of all ages at different grade levels because of a lack of resources.  Most school districts did not offer any education past the eighth grade.  Many children may only have a couple years of education if they had any at all.

Though Arkansas was an agricultural state, and the labor of children was seen as necessary on the farms, the education system in Arkansas was far behind other farming states.  In addition, schools were segregated, increasing costs for districts.

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As a child, Ford was sent to a local two-room school that had only a six-month term so students would be able to help on their family farms.  The family moved briefly to Oklahoma when Ford was 13, where he was able to attend a full nine-month term.  The family returned to Wooster when he was 15, and he had to attend the high school ten miles away in Conway, as that was the only high school in Faulkner County at the time.  In the meantime, his father worked on the county school board to consolidate the patchwork of dozens upon dozens of school districts in the county down to just seven.

Upon graduation, Ford attended Arkansas State Teachers School in Conway (the modern University of Central Arkansas).  Upon his graduation in 1928, he attended the University of Arkansas where he received a masters degree in vocational education.  He spent the next several years as a teacher.  In 1935, he began working with the Civilian Conservation Corps developing and advising the education programs offered to its participants.  He began working for the Arkansas Department of Education in 1941, supervising vocational education and business education programs.

In 1953, Ford became the state commissioner, supervising education programs and teacher training for all districts.  In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional in the Brown v. Board of Education case.  Ford recognized that this would completely change education in Arkansas, and he began quietly crafting policies to comply. Ford, however, was limited as to what he could do as desegregation faced volatile opposition in many communities.  Many districts were later placed under supervision of the federal courts for their resistance to desegregation.  Nevertheless, he assisted districts in adjusting to their constitutional responsibilities regarding equality, providing policy and training input.

His efforts went far beyond the traditional student.  He began programs to provide education to disabled students, starting with an experimental program in Conway in 1959 that spread throughout the entire state by the late 1970s.  He worked with legislators and campaigned for a constitutional amendment to allow state educational funds to allow five-year-olds (for kindergarten) and residents over 18 greater access to educational programs by 1968.  Ford’s efforts were helped by many legislators, teachers, and governors in his long career who shared his passion for educating the next generation.

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In the 1960s and 1970s, recognizing that many students needed job skills beyond high school, he worked with legislators to create 23 vocational schools across the state, offering such programs as welding, carpentry, automotive repair, and even nursing.  Many of these vocational education programs have since been absorbed by local community colleges, who now provide these opportunities for skilled trades and workforce training in their communities.  He further advocated teacher pay raises and funding for education television.

In 1969, Gov. Winthrop Rockefeller had one of the newly refurbished buildings in the Capitol complex renamed for Ford in honor of his work for Arkansas schools.  The building, down the hill from the Capitol, had originally been erected in the 1930s under the administration of Gov. Carl Bailey to house state administrative offices.  The Arch Ford Annex houses many state educational offices today.

In 1978, at the age of 72, he stepped down from his position after 25 years as state education commissioner.  Ford retired to Conway.  He died in 1987 at the age of 81, lauded by educators across the state for his service.  He was further honored with the dedication of the Arch Ford Education Service Cooperative in Plumerville to aid in teacher training.  He became synonymous with public education in Arkansas in a long and distinguished career, and thousands of students forever had their lives improved in part through his efforts.

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BRIDGES: Peter

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Some people see the beauty in the world and want to share it with others.  Lily Peter spent a lifetime teaching, writing, and giving to the people of Arkansas to nurture this love of life and the arts.  The acclaimed poet and philanthropist left a deep legacy through the written word, music, and the education of countless students that left the world a richer place because of her work.
             Lily Peter was born in June 1891 on her parents’ farm near the small town of Marvell in Phillips County.  She was the eldest of ten children.  Her childhood was one met with great tragedy.  Five of her brothers and sisters died while still children.  A horrible accident took the life of her father when she was 16.
             She attended high school in the nearby community of Ohio, a community that has since disappeared.  A gifted student, she graduated at the top of her class of Ohio High School.  Though she wished for higher education, the needs of her family kept her close to home.  She began working as a teacher in some of the small schools dotting the countryside of Phillips County to help support her ailing mother and surviving siblings.
             Her eldest brother ran the farm with her help, and with her salary from teaching and the farm’s proceeds, she was able to send her other siblings to college.  Within a few years, noting her sacrifices for them, they were able to return the favor and paid for her college education at Columbia University in New York, where she received a bachelors degree in English.  She received a masters degree at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee.  Music had long been a passion for her, and she was able to study violin at the prestigious Juilliard School in New York.
             After her graduation, she returned to Arkansas to teach.  The family farm prospered and expanded.  The family eventually bought a second farm and expanded their property size to more than 7,000 acres.  She would later build a cotton gin on the farm as well.
               In 1918, in the midst of World War I, she wrote a song in support of American troops fighting in Europe.  The patriotic march “A-M-E-R-I-C-A” was put to music by Leo Friedman.  In 1964, her first collection of poems was published, The Green Linen of Summer.
              She also became famous for giving.  At Moravian College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, she restored the old chapel on the college’s campus.  The chapel was later renamed Peter Hall in her honor.  To further honor her writing, philanthropy, and her support of music, she was given an honorary doctorate by the college in 1965.  She never married and often said of the many students to whom she gave scholarships that it was not her privilege to have children but that those were her children.  In 1969, determined to bring more culture to Arkansas, she took out a loan of $60,000 to bring the Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra to Little Rock to perform.
              In October 1971, Gov. Dale Bumpers named Peter, now aged 80, as the state’s fourth poet laureate.  The Arkansas Poet Laureate position was an honorary title created by the state legislature in 1923.  Peter would hold the honor for the next twenty years.
              Now in her ninth decade, her passion for the arts and writing did not slow down.  Peter continued to write and to support the arts and education.  She helped establish the Lily Peter Auditorium at Phillips County Community College in Helena in 1972.
               In 1973, she published her next collection of poetry, The Sea Dream of the Mississippi.  She also expanded her interests into environmental causes as more attention began to be drawn to the topic in the 1970s.  She began experimenting with organic farming, agriculture without pesticides.  Organic farming would not start catching attention in the popular mind until the 1990s.  She also began to speak out on a variety of environmental topics.
               She enjoyed a warm correspondence with teachers and authors.  These letters were later collected and donated to Ouachita Baptist University in Arkadelphia.  In 1982, Arkansas author Lyman B. Hagen wrote a brief biography simply called Lily Peter as part of the state’s Arkansas Authors project.  Two of her most notable works, The Great Riding: The Story of de Soto in America and In the Beginning: Myths of the Western World were both republished in 1983.  These epic poems of adventure, exploration, and imagination were well-received by readers and critics alike.
               Always active, she never let up in her pursuit of the arts and literature.  In July 1991, Peter died quietly at her home near Marvell, just a month past her one hundredth birthday.  The beauty of her words and her spirit would live on.​
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BRIDGES: Bonneville

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The early years of the United States includes tales of many daring explorers.  One of these figures was Benjamin Louis Eulalie de Bonneville, a Frenchmen by birth who immigrated to the United States and eventually made Arkansas his home.  Bonneville gave Americans a much clearer view of the Rocky Mountain West thanks to his travels in the 1830s.

Benjamin Bonneville was the son of a publisher and born in Paris, France, in 1796.  In 1803, the family immigrated to New York.  The family was close friends with Thomas Paine, the outspoken essayist who inspired countless Americans during the Revolutionary War.  Paine had encouraged the family to come to the United States and paid for their voyage to their new home.  Upon his death in 1809, Paine established a trust fund for Bonneville and his sister for their education.

Bonneville graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in 1815.  He served at various army posts, including Fort Smith. In 1824, he was transferred to Fort Gibson, which was at that time in the Arkansas Territory but now located in northeastern Oklahoma.

Curious about the largely unexplored lands of Oregon and the Far West, he took a leave of absence from the army and led an exploratory expedition in 1832.  The force of 110 men was financed by private investors.  The explorers left Missouri in May, eventually trekking along the Platte River in present-day Nebraska and into Wyoming and Idaho.  He took careful note of the different geologic formations along the way as well as the wildlife and fauna of the region.

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He sent one party of scouts to the southwest to search for an overland route to California.  This party went into northern Utah and Nevada and discovered what came to be known as the California Trail, later a major route for pioneers heading west during the California Gold Rush.  Walker’s team encountered Great Salt Lake and the dry, ancient lakebed that Great Salt Lake once encompassed on a larger scale which was later named Lake Bonneville.  The field of salts covering the desert floor mark what was once the lake itself and is now called the Bonneville Salt Flats.

Along the way, Bonneville encountered several different Native American tribes, often trading with them for supplies and employing several as guides.  He made it as far as eastern Washington.  In the winter of 1834, he and his party stayed with a band of Nez Perce near the Salmon River who helped them survive the difficult season.  The next spring, the party returned to Missouri.

In 1837, he worked with famed writer Washington Irving and published his journals as The Adventures of Captain Bonneville.  During the Mexican War, he served with Gen. Winfield Scott in his campaign to take Mexico City and was part of the occupation force of the Mexican capital.  By 1855, he was promoted to colonel and took command of different posts in the New Mexico Territory.

He initially retired in 1861, but the eruption of the Civil War led him to return to the army, where he a commanded garrison in St. Louis.  He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general and was put in charge of recruiting Union troops in Missouri.  He retired for the final time in 1866.

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Bonneville spent the last years of his life in Fort Smith.  He died in 1878.  His name appears often across Arkansas and the nation, including a number of schools in the West.  The community of Booneville in Logan County was named in his honor.  Bonneville County, Idaho, was also named after the general.  In 1962, the Fort Smith School District named Bonneville Elementary School after him.

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